Literature Review (Topic may be decided by writer) Research Paper

David Foster Wallace Essay

In this paper I will give a valiant effort to give the peruser the most instructive clarification (inside my requirements) of one of the most splendid creators of the age, David Foster Wallace. He was the creator of numerous incredible and quick (now and again, dull) works. A portion of the more famous/notable pieces being _The Broom of the System, Girl with Curious Hair, Infinite Jest, A Supposedly Fun Thing I’ll Never Do Again, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, Oblivion_, lastly his inadequate novel, _The Pale King_. Truth be told, to try and start to expose a person with this measure of profundity would require a work comparative in size and time to his â€Å"tree-killer† of a novel, _Infinite Jest_. That being stated, I believe that each free-figuring individual ought to in any event know-this man’s name with the expectation that it might show them the path to his takes a shot at being â€Å"a screwing human being†. Understand progressively: Good individuals synopsis exposition David Foster Wallace was conceived on 21 February 1962 lastly met his end 12 September 2008 at 46 years old. Wallace was conceived in Ithaca, New York, to his folks, James Wallace and Sally Foster. His dad, a past alumni understudy in theory at Cornell, was from a group of experts. His mom, then again, was an English major at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, with an increasingly country foundation with family dwelling in Maine and New Brunswick. She was additionally the first in her family to secure a Bachelor’s Degree. At 4 years old, David moved with his family to Champaign-Urbana, Illinois for a superior opening for work. His home life was extremely organized (supper at 5:45 p.m. also, lights out at accurately 8:30 p.m.) and was extremely favorable for scholarly development. It was an upbeat home. As he gets more established, Wallace begins to acknowledge numerous things. In the first place, he had an adoration for tennis. With his intelligent and ascertaining mind, he could undoubtedly observe the geometrical edges the ball could make as it bobbed off the racket, driving him to get one of the top players in his locale around then. Different things begin to surface too; tragically, these were not among a portion of the more joyful things. He began to investigate his physical and mental self, picking at every single blemish (contrasted it with kind of â€Å"counting sheep†), which did nothing to lighten his concern at being socially clumsy. He eventuallyâ found his first love, Susan Perkins, who, at that point, as of now had a beau. It’s likewise imperative to take note of this was the moment that Wallace found the delights of smoking pot. After secondary school, Wallace intended to go to Amherst. He picked Amherst for the most part since it implied he wouldn’t need to go to another meeting. His dad was a graduated class, so he was essentially an obvious choice. By his sophomore year, he was building up a notoriety for his insight. He was winning straight A’s and was really opening up and making companions, until he came back from Christmas break at home. He was a completely extraordinary individual when the downturn took him, as his school flat mates portrayed. Following half a month of attempting to endure it, Wallace acknowledged he would need to pull back and return home. Something was unmistakably off-base. He returned in Fall 1984 for his senior year. In the end, Wallace graduated and was granted twofold summas for his two distinctions postulations. _The Broom of the System_ would in the long run be distributed and turn into his first genuine fiction novel. This was the moment that Wallace found his affection for composing fiction. As a juvenile â€Å"adult† in a grown-up world, Wallace settled on the choice to begin educating to enhance his composing vocation and addition medical coverage for his unique needs. His first instructing activity was at Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts. He despised instructing. For him, he was simply sitting around with kids who didn’t even need to get their work done; when he could be investing significant energy in his profession as a fiction creator. As yet, Wallace has consistently been falling further and more profound in to his addictions. He had been smoking pot, cigarettes, and drinking pretty much consistently as an approach to adapt to the downturn that can so handicap who he is as an individual. As his dissatisfaction with his powerlessness to compose compounds, so does his compulsion. With his dissatisfaction and fixation compounding, Wallace again separates and should be hospitalized. The clinical experts said he should locate an alternate way, or he would be dead by thirty. Wallace starts recovery, and for quite a long time, will live in only restoration habitats and midway homes. As a component of these projects, he should go to 12-advance AA gatherings for recuperation. These truly struck a chord for Wallace; they work for him in manners he could never have thought conceivable. The gatherings he would go to wound up turning out to be major plotâ points in the best novel he at any point composed. Soon after escaping recovery, Wallace began taking a shot at his novel once more, this time with recharged power. In a letter to his proofreader, he said he was going to â€Å"finish it or die.† Upon completing the beast novel and the accompanying altering, summing up, and shortening torments, the best accomplishment in his abstract vocation up to this point was done; 1079 pages, water-tight and prepared for distributing. What followed were various meetings and readings, which Wallace had been pursued so as to pick up exposure and sell more books. The entirety of which, Wallace summarized as â€Å"whorish.† He wasn’t even sure the vast majority of the individuals coming had even perused his book. With acclaim comes pleasure†¦ of a sort. The more well known he turned into, the more ladies appeared to run to him. Taking into account how grav ely his connections had been going, single night rendezvous were exactly what he thought he required. To put it another way, he was downright terrible about taking the â€Å"13th step† (engaging with a kindred recuperation accomplice). These connections would begin ordinary, perhaps somewhat over the top, yet as time went on they would transform into fierce and controlling connections. A significant number of them finished appallingly, which went out to one beneficial thing. He had discovered new mates. Canines. He embraced a lab and called him Jeeves, and later received a wanderer whom he would later name The Drone. When his distinction began to settle, he no longer had book visits or things of that nature any longer. Presently magazines and papers were following him with nonfictions they needed him to survey, and he wound up making short stories out of them. Generally however, these were only interruptions from his genuine goal, â€Å"The long thing.† While he proceeded with his advancement on this novel, he was exchanging employments and discovered another and apparently genuine connection with a flawless lady named Karen. They would develop close after some time, finishing each other until they were at l ong last hitched on 27 December 2004. Wallace would proceed with his work on â€Å"the long thing† until the day he kicked the bucket, never truly carrying it to where he was happy with it. David Foster Wallace’s significant works incorporate _The Broom of the System, Girl with Curious Hair, Infinite Jest, A Supposedly Fun Thing I’ll Never Do Again, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, Oblivion_, lastly his inadequate novel, _The Pale King_. During these later long periods of his life, he was a composing teacher at the Pomona College in Claremont, California. Theâ publications he took a shot at in his extra time numbered every one of one. â€Å"The long thing† (The Pale King) had been his venture for a long time, and he was unable to perceive how to turn the possibility of fatigue in the story in to something captivating. David Foster Wallace kicked the bucket 12 September 2008 in Claremont, California. His significant other showed up home at 9:30pm, after a stretch at her craft appear, to find that her better half had balanced himself with a nursery hose on the porch. Following a multi year fight with serious sadness, Wallace could not suffer anymore. To him, the unendurable and ceaseless agony of his downturn must be relieved by death’s sweet discharge. Endless supply of this disaster, different universities held social events in recognition of one of the most powerful figures in abstract history, giving the loved ones who joined in, an opportunity to lament and bid farewell. Karen keeps his remains in a foil-wrapped box close to an image of both of their moms. _Infinite Jest_ was distributed 1 February 1996 by Little, Brown. It was generally welcomed with negligible, negative audits. It delineates our way of life in the most genuine sense, and the way that, past all the commotion and bogus joy, something genuine exists. Despite the fact that this book was discharged over 10 years prior, the consistent proceeding with deals is a tribute to its authenticity and hypnotizing interest. At the point when the majority of his significant works were distributed, they weren’t truly comprehended, and, somewhat, they still aren’t. A large portion of the comprehension of his works was left to individuals of a comparable bore, and every other person left by the wayside. I accept crafted by David Foster Wallace ought to be standard for school training. To the extent secondary school, to truly get a handle on the man and his work, an understudy must dig into the real factors of his life that, on occasion, can be dreamlike, even improperly bizarre. Henceforth, I accept his work is more qualified for a develop crowd. Taking everything into account, David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest is one of the most significant books in late history, one that each man and lady should peruse in the course of their life. (should presumably peruse it twice) David Foster Wallace, was a messed up, yet splendid man who left this existence with significant expectation in hisâ works that we could figure out how to be people, with genuine emotions and real musings past the chasm that is our severe culture. Works Cited â€Å"Brief Interview with a Five Draft Man†. _Amherst Magazine_. Amherst College, 1999. Web. 13 April 2014. Max, D.T.. _Every Love Story is a Ghost Story_. New York. Penguin Group,

How To Play Fantasy Football, Only With Authors

How To Play Fantasy Football, Only With Authors Very soon, all over the country, in suites at the Bellagio, party rooms at Hooters, and your moms basement, groups of nerds will gather for a sacred annual autumn ritual: the fantasy football draft. But what if you could play fantasy sports with something less concussion-causing? Like, for instance, books!? Gather your friends, because now you you can! What follows is an outline for a fantasy authors game that promises to be both fun and infuriating â€" just like real fantasy football (oxymoron alert!). Of course, you can tweak this general outline however you want. Lets get to it! Drafting: Your league should consist of you and your seven other biggest book dorkiest friends. (So thats 8, right? Right.) To begin, draw straws, role dice, compare your moms ages, or employ some other system for determining draft order. Then, take turns picking authors in that order from each of the eight groups below. Your team must have one author from each group (similar to fantasy football where you can only start one QB, two RBs, etc.) Keep in mind, you dont have draft in the same sequence as the categories. For instance, the player with the first pick is well within his/her rights to select David Mitchell from Group C (or Stephenie Meyer from Group H, or whatever hell s/he wants to do), but s/he cannot select any other authors from Group C for the rest of the draft. Continue taking turns drafting until all authors have been selected. There are 64 authors listed, and so if you play with eight teams, thatll mean each team consists of eight authors â€" again, one from each group . (We may be bookish folk here at the Riot, but if pressed, we can hold our own in the maths.) Group A â€" The Rookies: 2014 Debuts Group B â€" The Wizened Veterans Edan Lepucki John Irving Stephan Eirik Clark Philip Roth Andy Weir Toni Morrison Roxane Gay Cormac McCarthy Mira Jacob Alice Munro Alena Graedon James Salter Tiphanie Yanique Joyce Carol Oates Anthony Breznican Alice Walker Group C â€" Future Hall of Famers Group D â€" Hipster Delights (Cool before they were cool) Group E â€" Foreign Fantastics (writers in translation) Jhumpa Lahiri Dave Eggers Haruki Murakami Jonathan Franzen Zadie Smith Amy Yamada Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Emily Gould Paulo Coelho David Mitchell Lydia Netzer Carlos Ruiz Zafón Donna Tartt Joshua Ferris Kyung-sook Shin Marilynne Robinson Teju Cole Herta Müller Richard Russo Cheryl Strayed Orhan Pamuk Neil Gaiman Jonathan Safran Foer Amos Oz Group F â€" Young Adult Adults Group G â€" Genre Gigantics Group H â€" Series Heavyweights Rainbow Rowell Stephen King George R.R. Martin John Green James Patterson J.K. Rowling (Robert Galbraith) Sarah Dessen Janet Evanovich Diana Gabaldon Marcus Zusak Catherine Coulter Daniel Silva Gayle Forman Danielle Steele Stephenie Meyer Veronica Roth Nora Roberts Nelson DeMille Stephen Chbosky Dan Brown Meg Cabot Rick Riordan Brad Thor W.E.B. Griffin Rules for Scoring: Agree on a firm start and stop time for the game â€" may we suggest, totally arbitrarily, August 1st through May 31st, 2015. Scoring is based on the system below â€" when an author on your team fits one of the descriptions, you get the designated number of points. As in real fantasy football, draft players whose situations fit best with the scoring system. Do research. Some of these events/things we know will happen. Most we dont. Some are longshots (more points awarded for these), some may happen weekly. So draft wisely. (Also, add your own ways to score points. These are merely suggestions.) All judgment calls (i.e., the exact definition of major, is this really a feud?, etc.) are left to the discretion of the league commissioner. (You designated a league commissioner, didnt you?) So, without further adieu, heres how to score: Productivity Publishes a novel â€" 10 points Blurbs another author’s novel â€" 2 points Publishes/produces other major work (non-fiction, screenplay, poetry, etc.) â€" 5 points Appears in another author’s book trailer â€" 3 points Novel adapted to movie â€" 8 points 10 bonus points if author cameos in movie based on his/her own novel 10 bonus points if movie wins Academy Award (any) Novel adapted to small screen â€" miniseries or made-for-TV movie â€" 5 points Publishes book review in major online or print periodical â€" 5 points Publishes essay, article, or other journalism in major online or print periodical â€" 3 points 5 bonus points if article complains about a mainstream technology like ebooks or Twitter 5 bonus points if article is about the death of the novel/reading Performs commencement speech at university graduation â€"10 points Announces retirement from writing â€" 10 points Announces unretirement from writing â€" 15 points Media, Awards, and Appearances Appears on Talk/Comedy/Variety Show (eg, The View, Colbert, etc.) â€" 15 points Appears in interview or as subject of short expository piece on news/morning show (eg. Today, CNN, etc.) â€" 10 points Appears as subject in profile piece in major online or print periodical â€" 10 points Appears in interview on major radio show or podcast (eg. NPR Books, etc.) â€" 5 points Appears in a photo with you from reading or other event, like BEA â€" 15 points Wins major literary award â€" National Book Award, Pulitzer, NBCC, or Booker â€" 15 points Wins Nobel Prize for Literature â€" 25 points Appears on year-end NY Times 100 Notable Books list â€" 5 points 5 points bonus if it’s in the “10 best” list Photographed in celeb rag like US Weekly or People â€" 10 points Author donates large amount of money to charity â€" 5 points 5 bonus points if that charity supports literacy Throws out first pitch, does honorary coin flip (etc.) to start a sporting event â€" 15 points Authors novel selected for Oprah’s Book Club â€" 10 points Author opens bookstore â€" 20 points Feuds, Disruptions, and Ruckuses Purposefully begins a verifiable feud with another writer, via social media, the press, or other means â€" 15 points. Arrested for any reason â€" 20 points. Develops publicly acknowledged alcohol/drug addiction â€" 15 points Enters treatment â€" 5 points Authors novel is ridiculously banned from a school for ridiculous reasons â€" 15 points Becomes embroiled in a plagiarism lawsuit for someone allegedly stealing his/her own material â€" 20 points Becomes embroiled in a plagiarism lawsuit for allegedly stealing someone elses material â€" 10 points Becomes embroiled in a memoir scandal in which facts purported to be real life are shown to be inventions â€" 10 points. Publicly decries (in any form) Amazon â€" 5 points Dates a movie star or other celebrity â€" 10 points Fatwa issued against author â€" 30 points Death Dies â€" 25 points Winning: Very simple: The team with the most points at the end of the season wins! Enjoy!

Hinduism, Christianity, Judaism, And Islam - 940 Words

It can be said that there is no such thing as Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, or Islam. In a general sense I agree with this statement, but I also disagree. As human beings, we naturally classify things into groups in order to make sense of them. From the moment we are born our brains begin to classify between male and female, loud and soft, big and small, or dark and light. By assimilating things that are similar we are able to learn new things faster by finding connections to something we already know, religions are no different. We classify people who profess a belief in Jesus Christ as the Messiah as Christians and people who believe that Mohamed was the final prophet as Muslims. By classifying we are by no means ignoring the fact that there are differences among members of the group, but we are instead grouping by the larger overarching concept shared among them all. We group people with similar beliefs into categories and call them Hindus, Buddhist, Christians, Jews, or Muslims. While there is no one thing that all people professing a religion believe, there are general concepts that they agree upon which cause us to group them into categories and title them as Christians, Jews, or Muslims. I have been raised in the Methodist church since the day I was born. Every Sunday morning you could find all five of us in the second row of the 8:30 service and then we would all go our separate ways for Sunday school. It was a rare week that we were not at churchShow MoreRelatedChristianity, Islam, Hinduism, And Judaism1076 Words   |  5 Pagesreligions present within todays society with the most prominent being; Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism (Rosenberg, 2016). These can then be split into two different groups; Monotheistic and Polytheistic. Monotheistic meaning â€Å"The belief that there is only one God† (Crabtree, 2014). This can be seen in Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Therefore Polytheism is the belief and worship of multiple deities, which can be found in Hinduism, Shintoism, and the beliefs of the Ancient Egyptians (Merriam-WebsterRead MoreHinduism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, And Religion1531 Words   |  7 PagesHinduism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism these are the different types of religions that exist in our society. Religion is a prominent part of most people s lives in our contemporary world. Religion is a cultural system, in this system, there are different beliefs that are normally unique to the religion. In most religions, there is a belief in spiritual beings also known as God. Many people around the world practice their religion by following what is expected of them according to historyRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, And Islam1054 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they basically hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammad’s teaching is a â€Å"complete and final revelation†. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior will grant you the access to heaven in the afterlife. Judaism is founded by Abraham, and it is the base from wh ich both of the other two religions.While Hinduism focuses on one ultimateRead MoreWorld Religion: Christianity the Most Widespread Religion in The World1473 Words   |  6 Pagesaround the world. The six world religions are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Many of these religions are monotheistic, which is the belief of only one god or one higher power. There are also polytheistic believers, which is the belief in many or more than one god. These six world religions have a lot in common and they also have their differences that make their certain religion or belief special to them. Christianity is the most widespread religion in the worldRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism And Monotheistic Religions1108 Words   |  5 PagesIn life, one will undertake a spiritual journey in which you will uncover the meaning of the self. Many religions, including Hinduism, Confucianism and monotheistic religions, have developed philosophies placing importance of the â€Å"self.† Emphasis on morality, virtues, honest contribute to the development of the inner self. In religions such as, Islam and Judaism the importance of conducts and worship will lead you to paradise in the after as promised by Allah or Yahweh. The teachings of proper behaviorRead MoreHinduism And The Middle East894 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are practiced in the world today. Hinduism developed first, then Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and finally Islam. Hinduism and Buddhism are considered Eastern religions while Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are considered Western. Both Eastern religions b egan in India, although Buddhism later moved out. The Western religions each developed, at different times, in the same general geographical and cultural setting of West Asia: Judaism and Christianity, in and around the area now known as IsraelRead MoreClassification of Religions1509 Words   |  7 Pagesexistence of one and only one GOD. The main three Abrahamic religions are: * Judaism * Christianity * Islam JUDISM Judaism is among the worlds oldest monotheistic religions and the first of the three Abraham religions. Around 12 million people in the world believe in Judaism. They are mostly in the United States and Israel. The Torah, or Hebrew Bible, is the most important holy book of Judaism. The primary custom of Judaism is practicing prayer, preferably communal prayer. Jews attend synagoguesRead MoreThe Religion Of The Holy Trinity1665 Words   |  7 Pagesby. The presence of the Holy Trinity — one God in three persons. Catholics grasp the conviction that God, the one Supreme Being, is comprised of three persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Christianity The focal teachings of customary Christianity are that Jesus is the Son of God, the second individual of the Trinity of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; that his life on earth, his torturous killing, restoration, and climb into paradise are confirmationRead More Appreciating other Religions Essay684 Words   |  3 Pagesreligious beliefs and practices. Morals and ethics allow one to make a knowledgeable and responsible decision. One’s religious and spiritual beliefs shapes and molds the mind, body, and spirit of the person. One would think that Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism have nothing in common, but in some ways they are. Generally, there are also differences between the five. Actually they are not so much a religion as a religion-social system. All religions share common goals and twoRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, And Judaism1644 Words   |  7 Pages The following religions Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism are among the top religions when evaluating the number of followers they encompass worldwide (Henderson, 2005, p.1). Through assessing these major belief systems and their views, diversity between them is apparent. These multiplicities range from Hindus who acknowledge multitudes of gods to Muslims who believe in one God, Allah. Although the variety of beliefs and practices exist their remains some central concepts such

Understanding The Evolution, Life History, And Aids,...

Ebola and HIV Ebola, and AIDS, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, are both dangerous zoonotic diseases that originated in Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS, the result of HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, has been an ongoing pandemic for decades. Meanwhile, the first Ebola case was recognized in the 1976 and has incurred severe sporadic outbreaks but has been controlled (Rajak, 2015). While both rapidly mutating RNA viruses, several key factors have allowed AIDS, to become a worldwide pandemic while Ebola has been controlled at present (Calmy, 2015). Understanding the evolution, life history, and the socio-economic factors that affect the proliferation of each disease allows us to understand how they arose when they did and why Ebola is controlled and AIDS isn’t. To start, Ebola and HIV are both zoonotic RNA viruses that underwent evolution and mutation to emerge from the jungle and morph into the deadly diseases they are today. It is thought that Ebola originated in Africa fruit bats, and was transmitted to humans for the first time through contact with bodily fluids from the bats, either as blood or saliva. Transmission to humans most often occurs through hunting and preparation of infected bushmeat, or consumption of fruit contaminated with bat saliva. This was made possible because of human encroachment on natural areas and bat habitats (Alexander, 2015). Once present in the human population more hosts allowed for extensive mutation. This is because RNA viruses use RNAShow MoreRelatedHiv And The Human Immunodeficiency Virus3032 Words   |  13 PagesThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, was discovered by Dr. Robert Gallo and Dr. Luc Montagnier. HIV had its first known case in a human in the year 1959. Though, its first kno wn case in the United States was in 1981 when the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, known as the CDC, reported five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California with Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia, a rare form of pneumonia. These findings were published in CDC S Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, orRead MoreHealthcare Essay18323 Words   |  74 PagesChapter 3 The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Learning Objectives To discover historical developments that have shaped the nature of the US health care delivery system To evaluate why the system has been resistant to national health insurance reforms To explore developments associated with the corporatization of health care To speculate on whether the era of socialized medicine has dawned in the United States â€Å"Where’s the market?† 81 26501_CH03_FINAL.indd 81 7/27/11 10:31:29Read MoreInternational Business Management Research Paper14582 Words   |  59 PagesFactors on WVK’s Operations 31 Table 5: Understanding of Various Aspects of IBM 33 Table 6: Gantt Chart for the Study 54 Table 7: Budget for the Research Project 55 List of Figures | |PAGE | Figure 1: Gender Distribution of Actual Respondents 27 Figure 2: Impact of Environmental Factors on WVKs Operations 32 Figure 3: Understanding of Various Aspects of IBM 33 FigureRead MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 Pageseconomic and social marginalization and increased crime. At a time when dramatic improvements are taking place in some sectors, e.g. communications and technology, improvement of the quality of life for many people has fallen far short of the potential that exists and the rising expectation of people who know life can be better. At a time of rising social and Political tensions, the macroeconomic environment has fundamentally changed. World trade and investment have expanded and brought to some areasRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesSuggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medici ne is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin. Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All

Assessment of the Interactive Behavior Style Free Essays

According to the DISC Platinum Rule Assessment, the â€Å"Interactive† behavior style defines people who are highly focused on other people. They love being around groups and they are fond of being involved in groups. They are generally extroverts and they do not like to be alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of the Interactive Behavior Style or any similar topic only for you Order Now They love working with other people. And they are very sociable. According to the assessment, people who are â€Å"interactive† get their motivation from being around other people. Their ultimate goal is to get other people’s recognition. They want to earn applause, acceptance, and complements. If recognition from other people is not present, they will ultimately lose their interest in whatever they are doing. Their drive to strive for their goals comes from other people. Most of the time, their ultimate goal is to earn to be appreciated. As for their decision making and their lifestyles, people categorized under the â€Å"interactive† behavior are very fast paced. They do not like routines. They are very spontaneous. Because of their liveliness, they usually want to do a lot of things all at the same time. Even if they are still involved with one activity, they jump to another task. That is why they often end up so disorganized. Aside from disliking everyday habitual activities, interactive people also don’t like facts. They do not like details. Instead, they generalize information. They base their conclusions on â€Å"guesstimates† than on highly objective and empirical data. That is why they often exaggerate. Interactive people also work well with others. Because they are sociable, they usually tend to attract the attention of others. They also have the ability to motivate others in order to work towards a common goal that they also pursue. They are perfect for those professions and careers that require excellent rapport with other people. They should be in the field of sales, entertainment, public relations, social welfare, and the like. Application of Strengths and Weaknesses Just like what the assessment states, I am optimistic. I see life as an opportunity to do various activities. I am positive and cheerful. Everyday, my greatest accomplishment seems to stem from fulfilling one or two lively activities. Even if there is really nothing to do outside, I make it a point to go out and to look for something that I can occupy myself with. I love being around other people and that is probably why I value my friends so much. I also like going to parties and other social activities. I make it a point to form new friends despite the fact that I already have many acquaintances. Whenever I go to social gatherings, I make it a point to meet a new friend. I am one of those few people that you cannot alienate even if you expose me to groups of people that I do not know. I am also persuasive and very motivating. I can easily talk my friends into doing something I believe is terrific. In addition to that, I am very enthusiastic. I think it is a total waste of time to be lying around and doing nothing. I love engaging in various activities, even those which I am not very familiar with. I am passionate about living life to the fullest. However, because I do love engaging in many activities, I often become careless primarily because I am often preoccupied with so many things all at the same time. This is also probably the reason why I often end up being disorganized. My initially planned schedule for the day often gets tangled with the other activities that I usually want to slip in it. Analysis of the behavior assessment The analysis seems to be quite accurate in describing the prime motivators, strengths, and weaknesses of a person. The data yielded is very useful primarily because it was very thorough in describing the assessed person. It includes the possible conflicts associated with his set of strengths and weaknesses, as well as the possible steps that can be taken to solve such conflicts. The data provided in the assessment can largely contribute to overall self-improvement. Understanding your tendencies and gaining insight on your personality can improve rapport and communication with other people. It can predict job performance and potential leadership skills (Kierstead, 1998). It can also be used in understanding the personalities of other people. In a personal case, it can help one concentrate on his strengths while altering his weaknesses. However, it should be noted that people should not confine their identities to the discussed test results (Carey,2004). Also, I have noticed that some characteristics of a particular behavior type often overlap some of the traits of the other types. Though the delineation between the types is often very obvious in the initial description, the question of exclusivity between the characteristics can be observed in the specific details of the subtypes of the behavior assessment. Also, although the results of the assessments are quite accurate, it should be noted that people should not confine their self concept with the descriptions provided by behavioral evaluation, no matter how elaborate they are. Regardless of how complete and concise the assessment results are, people should realize that the results were based on a personality evaluation taken during a certain period of time at a certain moment in a person’s life. In simple terms, it is relatively an accurate assessment of someone’s here and now. It should be noted that people are rapidly evolving beings that can radically alter their behavior and personality over time, based on the set of experiences and challenges that come their way. A person with an interactive behavior type can transform into one who has a cautious or dominant behavior after having one of those life changing experiences or major life turn points. Basically, a technical generalization of the personalities of men should not be regarded as the sole indicator of how a person should be interpreted. It should not be sued as a basis of what kind of people should one get along with. Confining your analysis of people into four types or sixteen subtypes can greatly promote stereotyping. As such, these should not be used as the sole basis of interaction with other people. In order to ascertain the adaptability and the efficiency of this behavior evaluation, such forms of assessments should be taken regularly in order to form comprehensive and accurate concepts of one’s self. How to cite Assessment of the Interactive Behavior Style, Papers

West Side Story free essay sample

In West Side Story the protagonist is the former leader of the Jets, Tony, who falls in love with Maria, who is one of the Puerco Ricans; their love is forbidden, just like in Romeo and Juliet. In this essay post-colonial theory, structuralism, semiotics and feminism will be discussed. As the film is set In the mid-sass this means that this was post the Second World War, marking the beginning of a new era. The Civil Rights Movement took place within this decade Of the sass.The civil rights are the rights Of citizens to receive equal treatment and be protected from discrimination and unfair treatment. There was a massive movement in America at this point, the African-Americans were in the spotlight for racial inequality and discrimination. In the upper west side of New York city it was classed as the ethnic blue-collar neighborhood. Stephan Shoeshine, the lyricist, was brought up in the upper west side of Manhattan amongst the blue collar society and gang warfare which is where the inspiration of its synopsis and setting has come from. We will write a custom essay sample on West Side Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In ethnic neighborhoods there was a lot of people that were in the working class that conducted manual labor jobs, which involved jobs like warehouse work, maintenance, sanitation, mining etc. The choreographer, Jerome Robbins, was born in the lower east side of Manhattan which is where a lot of immigrants settled and joined the American society, for example the Puerco Ricans.This could have been his influence in choreography, keeping two separate ethnic groups separate encouraging them to not socialize with one another and opening the audiences eyes to the reality of gang violence within society. Gangs mainly fought over territory of land, in West Side Story the gangs were split into the Puerco Ricans (Sharks) and the Americans (Jets). They would have rumbles, which is when gang members from each gang would arrange a particular place to fight, for example, a park, school playground, a courtyard etc.Rumbles could result in broken bones and in some cases death. Post-colonial theory is evident in the synopsis of West Side Story as there is rivalry and conflict be;men the two gangs. Post-colonial theory is about how the implications before and after colonialism which could result with liberation and oppression that could be ongoing. Edward Said is an American theorist, he discusses how the areas that migrants are forced to move in to, are made to make the migrants feel inferior to the native Americans who feel superior than them. Most professional humanists are unable to make the connection between the prolonged and the sordid cruelty of practices such as leaver, colonialism and racial oppression, and imperial subjection on the one hand, and the poetry, fiction, philosophy of the society that engages in these practice s on the other (Said 1993) This is evident in West Side Story where the Puerco Ricans enter the Americans turf and the Jets send the Sharks back to their own turf.The idea of otherness is evident in West Side Story where the sharks are Puerco Rican by culture but their nationality is American because they moved to America, however, they are willing to different and distinct from the Americans, allowing them have their own unique identity and keep their strict roots. This also suggests that both the sharks and jets are also totalities as they are culturally generalized, which suggests because they are distinct and different from one another they are inspired by the colonizers rather than the colonized.However, there is conflict due to their different cultural identities. The Puerco Ricans are essentialist because of their way of living and accents, they are also much more upbeat and have a more sociable culture compared to the Americans. illustrating asymmetrical divisions between the orient and the occident to the advantage of the west (Said 1978). Said is saying that conflict happens where there is conflict due to different cultural identities. His theory of orientation is where the west sexualities the east.There is a division and it is evident in West Side Story when the rumble takes place. This scene symbolizes and shows that people will defend their culture and territory by all means necessary. On the other hand, the Puerco Rican females try to assimilate and integrate into the American society. This is clearly evident when Anita and Maria sings America with some other Puerco Rican women. Homo Bah is an Indian heurist who suggests the idea of mimicry, where there is imitation from the colonized society and take on the culture of the colonized. Mimicry is shown in the song America.In this song they saying that they would much prefer to stay with their now new American nationality rather than sticking to their roots of being a Puerco Rican. The male Puerco Ricans choose to resist the American culture and stick to their Puerco Rican stereotypical social structure. The men suppress the females aspiration of integrating into the American society. Integration should be looked differently compared to being totalities. Spiral is a theorist suggests the idea of subaltern where the social group is politically, geographically and socially outside of the power structure of the colony and the colonial homeland.In West Side Story, the Puerco Ricans are the subaltern because they are on their own in a foreign land, which enables them to try to adapt to their new environment and surroundings leading to warfare with the Jets and Sharks. The love affair between the former leader of the Jets Tony and a Puerco Rican female called Maria causes an conflict and an immense amount of distress from both cultures. After the death of Bernard, it is evident that the resistance of integration begins to emerge properly. She posits not a monolithic idea of woman or brown person, but subaltern as a divided rather than transparent subject (Spiral 1988). However, one could argue that to not encourage our own cultural identities, can result in harm being done to our mental health and by having verbal and physical violence it can be very dehumidifying. Franz Fanons argues this as well as stating colonists inculcate a servile mentality upon natives (Fanons 1961) which is why human exploitation and further resistance to colonialism appends.During the rumble between the Jets and the Sharks the resistance to colonialism is present when the Sharks come onto the Jets ground. The Puerco Ricans are seen as the subculture by society as a whole for attempting to invade their territory which makes it dehumidifying. Bah suggests the idea of ambivalence, this is evident in West Side Story where both the Sharks and the Jets have opposite dimensions and perceptions within their cultural identities, which leads to conflict as mentioned earlier.Bah is concerned with the discourse of colonialism, how its language, metaphoric and Teutonic patterns struc ture the colonized as a stereotype to dominate, discriminate against and exploit them. Homo believes that there should be the idea of hybridism in society, where different cultural identities are accepted also known as multiculturalism. Hybridism is evident at the very end of the production where Tony dies and both the Jets and Sharks come to the realization and conclusion that no matter what difference is culturally they are still the same individuals and should accept their differences. For those who attempt to resist the imperialist ideology, therefore is necessary to work n betterments in strategies that tied to fragmentation and displacement, which can be a form of revolt against the seemingly monolithic, seemingly rational and materialistic authority of imperialism. (Bah 1992). The failure to recognize and accept different cultural identities of colonies that may enter a new territory, can result in a broken society of displacement where individuals are unable to adapt to idea of having a multicultural society which could lead to a lot of conflict.In this part of the essay Structuralism, semiotics and a touch of feminism will be discussed. In the terms of West Side Story, some would come to the conclusion th at the authors did not write anything really new, because their work has the same structure as Shakespearean Romeo and Juliet. Both introductions of Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story gives the audience a general outline of the story foreshadowing future events. The start of Romeo and Juliet starts off with a prologue where both families have been feuding for a long time and in West Side Story the audience is introduced to the two gangs and why these events are happening.There are some semiotics in the ere beginning of West Side Story. After the Jets leave the Basketball court they bump into the leader of the Sharks, Bernard. He is wearing a red shirt. After the Jets Leave Bernard, is still wearing his red shirt but the background behind him is red and he has left fist clenched hitting the wall. The fact that both the wall and his shirt is red indicates that there is a lot of danger and death for Bernard. His fists being clenched indicates anger and frustration. You can also tell this from Bernard looking straight into the camera, the look in his eye and his facial expression shows anger.Both West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet experience the theme of forbidden love. In the terms of Romeo and Juliet the first incident that set the story happened after the party, this is when Romeo meets Juliet for the first time and they fall in love with each other- love at first sight. This is the same in West Side Story, at the dance Tony meets Maria for the first time and they dance together, this romantic encounter is then abruptly broken up by the leader of the Sharks, Marias brother Bernard. In the neighborhood dance Maria is wearing a white dress with a red strip in the waist, white symbolizes rutty and innocence.Maria is sweet and naive. The red on her dress symbolizes love and can also symbolism danger because Tony falls in love with Maria and ends up dying, foreshadowing the outcome of the plot. In their first encounter Tony asks Maria is she is joking and she says l have note learned how to joke that way. Her brother Bernard and his girlfriend Anita try to shield her from trouble as people view her as pure and virginal. Reinforcing this imagery, we see Maria pray in front of the Virgin Mary and in Maria, Tony sings say it soft and its almost like praying.However, Maria tries to resist the able of purity as she tells her brother a white dress is for babies. In contrast with Maria is, Anita is opinionated, saws, charismatic and flamboyant. Anita wears colorful frocks, as opposed to Marias white gowns. Anita reinforces the feisty Latin harlot stereotype. Anita proudly asserts her sexuality, eagerly singing about how she goanna get her kicks and have a private little mix with her boyfriend Bernard in Tonight. The chemistry between Anita and Bernard is evident and their relationship is framed in sexuality.However, even though Maria and Tony sleep together, their allegations is constantly surrounded by dreamy words of love, commitment and marriage. In Tonight, Anita sings about sex and Maria croons about seeing her love and how the stars will stop where they are. Anita is portrayed as the Madonna, in A Boy Like That Anita warns Maria to stay away from Tony as he Wafts one thing only but Marias buoyant hope stave off Antas concerns. Another interesting female is the tomboy that longs to be part of the Jets is known as Nobodys later known as Buddy Boy.She hangs around with the guys, spits on the floor and insults women. She sees that male ender as far more desirable, instead of depicting gender variance or even trans-character, the Jets view her as a defective female. Some of the Jets taunt her so that no one would want to sleep with her. According to society and to the Jets, a womans status is dependent on their beauty, sexuality and desirability. In the Tonight, Maria is on top of the balcony and Tony is at the bottom of the balcony shouting for Maria. This is also a similar setting to Romeo and Juliet, where they are on a balcony.In both Romeo and Juliet and in West Side Story they both proclaim their forbidden love as they are both star-cross oversee. Tragedy is a common theme in West Side Story and in Romeo and Juliet; the lovers were forced to take their own lives or to be killed because of the fate and the actions of others. In Romeo and Juliet, one of the characters who is partly responsible deaths of both Romeo and Juliet is Table. Table enrages Romeo and causes him to kill Table, this brings out Romeos exile from Verona. If this did not happen, Romeo would have heard Friar Lawrences plan to keep Juliet from getting married.If he had known of the plan, he would not have gone to the vault and killed himself over what he Hough was Gullets dead body. In West Side Story, a character with a role similar to Table is Bernard. The killing of Bernard enrages Chino to the point where he takes out his gun to search and kill Tony. While the Jets are trying to protect Tony from Anita, they cause her to become extremely upset and says that Maria is dead. Upon hearing this, Tony leaves the drug store in search for Chino. When Tony eventually finds Maria, Chino kills him.This could have been avoided if Bernard had not gotten into a fight with Tony, so he would not have been killed. In conclusion, it is evident that within this musical there is a cultural difference between the Puerco Ricans and the Americans and with they way they treat their own kind. However, integration is taken for ease in todays society, people have different cultures but we are still the same individuals. This suggests that our current society could be universalistic as everyone accepts different religions within society, however, this is not always the case as different cultural identities can cause conflict.

buy custom Understanding Gene Therapy essay

buy custom Understanding Gene Therapy essay Introduction Genes are the basic physical and functional units that enhance heredity. They are capable of encoding instructions that guide processing of proteins by the body (Yashon Cummings, 2012). The processed proteins facilitate most of the life functions and form a better percentage of the cellular structures. When genes are altered, the encoded proteins are rendered ineffective and unable to function normally. This is what causes genetic disorder in a person. According to studies that have been conducted, almost everybody unconsciously carries some defective genes (Giacca, 2010). Lately, there has been increasing attention to the treatment of genetic metabolic diseases. These are diseases that develop as a result of defective genes that cause enzymes to be either absent or generally ineffective and inefficient. Enzymes function in the human body to catalyze metabolic reactions (Giacca, 2010). When these enzymes are ineffective, metabolic processes are slowed down or just fail to take place . This paper seeks to discuss gene therapy, illustrate examples of this treatment approach, discuss the risks and complications, associated with it, and outline some of the ethical principles that guide gene therapy as a method of treatment of genetic disorders. Definition and Understanding of Gene Therapy Gene therapy has been developed to help treat the genetic disorders that result from dysfunctional enzymes. Gene therapy is, thus, a treatment approach that involves replacement of faulty or absent genes with working ones so that the body is able to effectively process and produce correct enzymes or proteins and consequently be able to deal with the root cause of a genetic disease (Kelly, 2007). It is a process that involves introduction of normal and functional genes into the cells of a person, which carry the defective genes so as to enhance reconstitution of the missing protein product. It is a medical treatment process that helps in the correction of a deficient phenotype so that the normal amount of gene products is synthesized by the body. The first gene therapy trial was performed by French Anderson and R. Michael Blaese on a four year old girl in 1990 (Kelly, 2007). In order to perform gene therapy, somatic cells are modified by transferring desired gene sequences into the ge nome. However, for this to succeed, somatic cells are required to ensure that the genes that are inserted to correct the disorder are not carried down to the following generations. Examples of Gene Therapy Gene therapy has been applied widely in the treatment of genetic disorders. This is because almost all cells in the human body contain genes. This makes genetic therapy feasible in virtually all cells of the human body. Gene therapy has been performed in the cells of the body and the ovum or sperm cells. There are, thus, two broad examples of gene therapy; the somatic cell gene therapy and the germ line cell therapy. Somatic Cell Gene Therapy Somatic cell gene therapy entails introduction of genes into body cells or tissues in order to treat a disease in an individual that has been medically diagnosed to have genetic associations or origin (Wintrobe Greer, 2009). This enhances expression of an exogenous functional gene into another persons somatic cells. This genetic therapeutic approach is considered to be non-reproductive since somatic cells, where it is involved are not reproductive cells. There is consensus that this gene cell therapy is safer than other approaches because it only has influence on the targeted cells in the patient. The introduced cells are not, therefore, passed down to the future generations. The effects of a somatic cell gene therapy end with the individual who is treated. This implies that the genetic disorders that are treated through the application of somatic cell gene therapy do not have a bearing on the children of the patient. Somatic cell gene therapy is used to correct errors, relating to metabolism. For example, phenilketonuria has been treated through somatic cell gene therapy. This disorder results from the bodys inability to metabolize phenylalanine. The therapy facilitates elimination of the amino acid. Although this therapy is applicable, it does not address all inborn errors, related to metabolism (Kelly, 2007). In the case of a disorder resulting from abnormal alleles for an essential enzyme that leads to deficient metabolic functions, somatic cell gene therapy has been successfully applied as a treatment strategy. In this treatment practice, a copy of gene, capable of expressing the essential enzyme and enhancing the required metabolic function, is introduced. The cloning genes that are involved in the genetic metabolic dysfunction/disorder are identified. The normal genes are, then, introduced into the prover cell within the body, especially in the area, where metabolism is required, while cont rolling the expression of the gene within the limits of the therapeutic and safe levels (Brown, 2010). There are two sub-examples of the somatic cell gene therapy; the ex vio and the in vivo. The in vivo method involves changing of the cells within the body of the patient. The genes are transferred to cells within the body of the patient. This transfer of desired genes inside the patients body led to the derived name of this method. The ex vivo somatic cell gene therapy involves exterior-focused therapeutic approach (Benigni Remuzzi, 2008). The cells of the body are modified outside the body before they are transferred back into the body again. In some therapeutic trials, the cells from the patients own blood or even the bone marrow are removed, grown in the laboratory for some time before they are transplanted back. During this process, the cells are exposed to the virus that carries the targeted gene. The entry of the virus into the cells enhances insertion of the target gene into the DNA of the cell. The cells are, then, given time to grow in the laboratory before they are again t ransferred into the body of the patient through venal injection (Kelly, 2007). This example of somatic cell gene therapy is referred to as ex vivo because the cells are treated outside the body. Germ line Gene Therapy Germ line gene therapy is a treatment approach that involves delivery of gene to sperm or egg or directly into the cells that are responsible for their production. This example of gene therapy might help in preventing defective genes from being transferred to the subsequent generations. The act of modifying genes at the initial stages of embryonic development is also preferred since it serves as a way of correcting defective genes both in the germ line and within the cells of the body (Wintrobe Greer, 2009). In cases when the germ line gene therapy is carried out in the early embryologic stages like during pre-implantation diagnosis and in the vitro fertilization, genetic transfer could be affected in every cell within the developing embryo. However, there are reservations with the germ line gene therapy. This is because of its risks, especially with the possibility of a permanent therapeutic effect that may affect the following generations through genetic inheritance. Risks, associated with Gene Therapy The risks, associated with gene therapy, are various. These risks relate to the way, in which the genes are delivered. The normal genes that replace defective ones, in a gene therapy process, are usually delivered through carriers, which are normally vectors. Most of these vectors are viruses, which researchers use due to their unique ability to carry genetic material into the cells of a gene (Hutter, 2010). This poses a great potential for risks. To begin with, since gene therapy involves introduction of new foreign cell into the system, the body is bound to react through its immune system. The virus that is introduced into the body through gene therapy may cause the immune system to react and attack the new cell in the same way it reacts to other pathogenic and disease-causing organisms or cells. Such immune responses may not only cause complications in the bodys immunity but also lead to other medical and health complications such as inflammation, toxicity and organ failure in som e extreme instances. Gene therapy can also lead to viral spread. The process involves use of viruses to transfer the desired gene into the body. Hutter (2010) cited that since viruses have the capability of affecting more than one type of body cells, there is a possibility that viral vectors that are used in genetic transfer may end up infecting cells other than the targeted cells. All the cells that contain mutated or missing genes may, thus, be affected. This can be a very unfortunate occurrence since even the healthy cells may end up being affected by the vector-carrying virus. Thus, gene therapy may lead to viral spread, which, in turn, might cause other health complications and spread diseases or illnesses including cancer (Hutter, 2010). Perhaps, one of the greatest risks, associated with gene therapy, is the possibility of the virus to reverse to its original form. Viruses are used to transfer the required genes into the body cells to replace the defective ones that are causing enzyme and other somatic dysfunctions. However, the viruses that are used as vectors or carriers of the desired gene may recover their initial viral and infection ability and cause diseases, once they are introduced into the body through gene therapy (Abraham, 2008). This possibility is quite unfortunate given that gene therapy in itself is originally meant to be a treatment method, which should not lead to the spread of other diseases in the process of treating another disease. The risks of gene therapy have been registered, especially with regard to the ability of the virus to spread and induce tumor formation within the genome (Kelly, 2007). Scientists and researchers have registered their reservations and concerns that if the new genes get inserted or introduced in the wrong spot within the genome, there are chances that the insertion may cause tumor formation (Kelly, 2007). This has been observed by geneticists and scientists in some of the laboratory clinical trials. Besides, the new DNA that is introduced into the body during treatment through gene therapy may end up affecting the reproductive cells of the patient, especially where germ line gene therapy is involved. This may cause changes in the genetic composition and affect the children that are born after one is treated through gene therapy. Complications with Gene Therapy Although trials of gene therapy have significantly been successful, there are a few reservations that have been reported. The few complications that scientific and genetic researchers have realized with gene therapy relate to the medical and health issues that gene therapy as a treatment procedure might cause in a patient. For example, gene therapy has been associated with T-cell leukemia (Abraham, 2008). When the retroviral vector was inserted inappropriately near the proto-oncogene LMO2, the result was a proliferation of uncontrolled mature T cells, which causes T-cell leukemia in a patient. This complication is caused by the lack of both the B and T cells (Gibbs, 1996). Such a complication that result from gene therapy may expose a patient to further medical complications, including the use of bone marrow transplant that is retrieved from a histocompatible sibling of the patient. Unfortunately, this is often not easy to secure or procure. Thus, gene therapy may lead to other compl ications, some of which are very severe and can even be fatal. Gene therapy may lead to interruption of important genetic sequence and harm the cell instead of resolving the genetic and cellular defects that the treatment targets. This is because the retroviruses that penetrate the immune defenses into the target cells often affect the cells in an unpredictable manner. Abraham (2008) cited that the retroviruses may even insert the therapeutic gene at unpredictable position within the cells DNA. This is what might lead to interruption of very important genetic sequences that might have been going on within the cells DNA. Even in the cases, where gene therapy succeeds, the new genes always end up in the dormant parts of the cells DNA (Brown, 2010). In the dormant stretches, the new genes often do not get switched on as frequent enough to be able to make the much required genetic difference in the patient who is undergoing treatment (Gibbs, 1996). Ethical Concerns, surrounding Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a medical treatment involving alteration of the bodys set of basic genetic messages. Since it touches on the very processes that guide life and its characteristics, this treatment approach has raised and continues to raise various ethical issues. One of the ethical concerns that gene therapy is raising is its fairness in terms of the use of the genetic information that is disclosed during the diagnosis and treatment procedures. There are concerns, relating to the use of the genetic information (Cummings, 2009). For example, many people are in a dilemma with regard to the person who should be entitled to the access to the personal genetic information of the patient and how such information will be used. There are concerns about the privacy and confidentiality of the genetic information that is retrieved in the course of gene therapy. Since it is private and personal information, pressure is piling on the need to keep genetic information very private and confidential un der all circumstances. Genetic therapy is often associated with stigmatization. The psychological impact that is created by a persons genetic difference should, thus, be well taken care of before gene therapy is approved. For example, there are concerns about the perceptions of the society towards an individual who undergoes gene therapy. The members of the minority communities are particularly vulnerable to social stigma, associated with gene therapy. Besides, being a complex procedure that has great potentials for risks and complications, there is need to seek adequate informed consent from the patient and the family members before gene therapy is carried out on a patient. This is because gene therapy has very close link and relationship to the reproductive aspects of an individual (Cummings, 2009). The healthcare personnel, thus, need to carefully counsel the patient and the family members about the risks, the limitations and the implications of gene therapy. This ethical aspect is very essential given the clinical issues, uncertainties, complications and risks that are associated with gene therapy. Conclusion Gene therapy is increasingly becoming acceptable and a popular method for treatment of genetic disorders and gene-related diseases and illnesses. Although germ line gene therapy exists, it is still outlawed in most states like the entire European Union because of its implications. Somatic cell gene therapy is, however, acceptably practiced as a treatment method. However, the complications and risks that are associated with gene therapy still limit its use considerably. Thus, there is a need for scientists to evaluate further the safe, effective and efficient ways of using gene therapy as a treatment procedure for genetic disorders giving careful attention to the ethical concerns that this procedure raises. Buy custom Understanding Gene Therapy essay

USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) in World War II

USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) in World War II Commissioned in 1916, USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) proved to be a workhorse for the US Navys surface fleet for over thirty years.   Taking part in World War I (1917-1918), the battleship later survived the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and saw extensive service across the Pacific during World War II (1941-1945).   With the end of the war, Pennsylvania provided a final service as a target ship during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic testing. A New Design Approach After designing and constructing five classes of dreadnought battleships, the US Navy concluded that future ships should make use of a set of standardized tactical and operational traits. This would allow these vessels to operate together in combat and would simplify logistics. Designated the Standard-type, the next five classes were propelled by  oil-fired boilers rather than coal, saw the removal of amidships turrets, and utilized an â€Å"all or nothing† armor scheme.   Among these alterations, the transition to oil was made with the goal of increasing the vessel’s range as the US Navy believed this would be critical in any future naval war with Japan. The new all or nothing armor arrangement called for critical areas of the vessel, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily armored while less important spaces were left unprotected. Also, Standard-type battleships were to be capable of a  minimum top speed of 21 knots and have a tactical turn radius of 700 yards.   Construction Incorporating these design characteristics, USS Pennsylvania (BB-28) was laid down at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company on October 27, 1913. The lead ship of its class, its design came about following the US Navys General Board ordering a new class of battleships in 1913 which mounted twelve 14 guns, twenty-two 5 guns, and an armor scheme similar to the earlier Nevada-class. The Pennsylvania-class main guns were to be mounted in four triple turrets while propulsion was to be provided by steam driven geared turbines turning four propellers. Increasingly concerned about improvements in torpedo technology, the US Navy directed that the new ships utilize a four layer system of armor. This employed multiple layers of thin plate, separated by air or oil, outboard of the main armor belt. The goal of this system was to dissipate the explosive force of a torpedo before it reached the ships primary armor. World War I Launched on March 16, 1915 with Miss Elizabeth Kolb as its sponsor, Pennsylvania was commissioned the follow year on June 16. Joining the US Atlantic Fleet, with Captain Henry B. Wilson in command, the new battleship became the commands flagship that October when Admiral Henry T. Mayo transferred his flag on board. Operating off the East Coast and in the Caribbean for the remainder of the year, Pennsylvania returned to Yorktown, VA in April 1917 just as the United States entered World War I. As the US Navy began deploying forces to Britain, Pennsylvania remained in American waters as it used fuel oil rather than coal like many of the Royal Navys vessels. Since tankers could not be spared to transport fuel abroad, Pennsylvania and the US Navys other oil-fired battleships conducted operations off the East Coast for the duration of the conflict. In December 1918, with the war ended, Pennsylvania escorted President Woodrow Wilson, aboard SS George Washington, to France for the Paris Peace Conference. USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) Overview Nation: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down: October 27, 1913Launched: March 16, 1915Commissioned: June 12, 1916Fate: Scuttled February 10, 1948 Specifications (1941) Displacement: 31,400 tonsLength: 608 ft.Beam: 97.1 ft.Draft: 28.9 ft.Propulsion: 4 propellers driven by 1 Ãâ€" Bureau Express and 5 Ãâ€" White-Forster boilersSpeed: 21 knotsRange: 10,688 miles at 15 knotsComplement: 1,358 men Armament Guns 12 Ãâ€" 14 in. (360 mm)/45 cal guns (4 triple turrets)14 Ãâ€" 5 in./51 cal. guns12 Ãâ€" 5 in./25 cal. anti-aircraft guns Aircraft 2 x aircraft Interwar Years The remaining flagship of the US Atlantic Fleet, Pennsylvania operating in home waters in early 1919 and that July met the returning George Washington and escorted it into New York. The next two years saw the battleship conduct routine peacetime training until receiving orders to join the US Pacific Fleet in August 1922. For the next seven years, Pennsylvania operated on the West Coast and participated in training around Hawaii and the Panama Canal. The routine of this period was punctuated in 1925 when the battleship conducted a goodwill tour to New Zealand and Australia. In early 1929, after training exercises off Panama and Cuba, Pennsylvania sailed north and entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard for an extensive modernization program. Remaining at Philadelphia for almost two years, the ships secondary armament was modified and its cage masts replaced by new tripod masts. After conducting refresher training off Cuba in May 1931, ​Pennsylvania returned to the Pacific Fleet. In the Pacific For the next decade, Pennsylvania remained a stalwart of the Pacific Fleet and took part in annual exercises and routine training. Overhauled at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in late 1940, it sailed for Pearl Harbor on January 7, 1941. Later that year, Pennsylvania was one of fourteen ships to receive the new CXAM-1 radar system. In the fall of 1941, the battleship was dry docked at Pearl Harbor. Though scheduled to leave on December 6, Pennsylvanias departure was delayed. As a result, the battleship remained in dry dock when the Japanese attacked the next day. One of the first ships to respond with anti-aircraft fire, Pennsylvania took minor damage during the attack despite repeated Japanese attempts to destroy the dry docks caisson. Positioned forward of the battleship in the drydock, the destroyers USS Cassin and USS Downes were both severely damaged. World War II Begins In the wake of the attack, Pennsylvania departed Pearl Harbor on December 20 and sailed for San Francisco. Arriving, it underwent repairs before joining a squadron led by Vice Admiral William S. Pye which operated off the West Coast to prevent a Japanese strike. Following the victories at Coral Sea and Midway, this force was disbanded and Pennsylvania briefly returned to Hawaiian waters. In October, with the situation in the Pacific stabilized, the battleship received orders to sail for Mare Island Naval Shipyard and a major overhaul. While at Mare Island, Pennsylvanias tripod masts were removed and its anti-aircraft armament enhanced with the installation of ten Bofors 40 mm quad mounts and fifty-one Oerlikon 20 mm single mounts. In addition, the existing 5 guns were replaced with new rapid fire 5 guns in eight twin mounts. Work on Pennsylvania was completed in February 1943 and following refresher training, the ship departed for service in the Aleutian Campaign in late April. In the Aleutians Reaching Cold Bay, AK on April 30, Pennsylvania joined Allied forces for the liberation of Attu. Bombarding enemy shore positions on May 11-12, the battleship supported Allied forces as they went ashore. Later on May 12, Pennsylvania evaded a torpedo attack and its escorting destroyers succeeded in sinking the perpetrator, the submarine I-31, the next day. Aiding in operations around the island for the remainder of the month, Pennsylvania then retired to Adak. Sailing in August, the battleship served as Rear Admiral Francis Rockwells flagship during the campaign against Kiska. With the successful re-capture of the island, the battleship became flagship of Rear Admiral Richmond K. Turner, Commander Fifth Amphibious Force, that fall. Sailing in November, Turner re-captured Makin Atoll later that month. Island Hopping On January 31, 1944, Pennsylvania took part in the bombardment prior to the invasion of Kwajalein. Remaining on station, the battleship continued to provide fire support once the landings began the next day. In February, Pennsylvania fulfilled a similar role during the invasion of Eniwetok. After conducting training exercises and a voyage to Australia, the battleship joined Allied forces for the Marianas Campaign in June. On June 14, Pennsylvanias guns pounded enemy positions on Saipan in preparation for landings the next day. Remaining in the area, the vessel struck targets on Tinian and Guam as well as provided direct fire support to troops ashore on Saipan. The following month, Pennsylvania aided in the liberation of Guam. With the end of operations in the Marianas, it joined the Palau Bombardment and Fire Support Group for the invasion of Peleliu in September. Remaining off the beach, Pennsylvanias main battery pummeled Japanese positions and greatly aided Allied forces ashore. Surigao Strait Following repairs in the Admiralty Islands in early October, Pennsylvania sailed as part of Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorfs Bombardment and Fire Support Group which in turn was part of Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaids Central Philippine Attack Force. Moving against Leyte, Pennsylvania reached its fire support station on October 18 and began covering General Douglas MacArthurs troops as they went ashore two days later. With the Battle of Leyte Gulf underway, Oldendorfs battleships moved south on October 24 and blocked the mouth of the Surigao Strait. Attacked by Japanese forces that night, his vessels sank the battleships Yamashiro and Fuso. In the course of the fighting, Pennsylvanias guns remained quiet as its older fire control radar could not distinguish the enemy vessels in the confined waters of the strait. Retiring to the Admiralty Islands in November, Pennsylvania returned to action in January 1945 as part of Oldendorfs Lingayen Bombardment and Fire Support Group. Philippines Driving off air attacks on January 4-5, 1945, Oldendorfs ships began striking targets around the mouth of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon the next day. Entering the gulf on the afternoon of January 6, Pennsylvania commenced reducing Japanese defenses in the area. As in the past, it continued to offer direct fire support once Allied troops began landing on January 9. Commencing a patrol of the South China Sea a day later, Pennsylvania returned after a week and remained in the gulf until February. Withdrawn on February 22, it steamed for San Francisco and an overhaul. While at the Hunters Point Shipyard, Pennsylvanias main guns received new barrels, the anti-aircraft defenses were enhanced, and new fire control radar was installed. Departing on July 12, the ship sailed for newly captured Okinawa with stops at Pearl Harbor and to bombard Wake Island. Okinawa Reaching Okinawa in early August, Pennsylvania anchored in Buckner Bay near USS Tennessee (BB-43). On August 12, a Japanese torpedo plane penetrated the Allied defenses and stuck the battleship in the stern. The torpedo strike opened a thirty-foot hole in Pennsylvania and badly damaged its propellers. Towed to Guam, the battleship was dry docked and received temporary repairs. Leaving in October, it transited the Pacific en route to Puget Sound. While at sea, the Number 3 propeller shaft broke necessitating divers to cut it and the propeller away. As a result, Pennsylvania limped into Puget Sound on October 24 with only one operable propeller. Final Days As World War II had ended, the US Navy did not intend to retain Pennsylvania. As a result, the battleship received only those repairs necessary for transit to the Marshall Islands. Taken to Bikini Atoll, the battleship was used as a target vessel during the Operation Crossroads atomic tests in July 1946. Surviving both blasts, Pennsylvania was towed to Kwajalein Lagoon where it was decommissioned on August 29. The ship remained in the lagoon until early 1948 where it was used for structural and radiological studies. On February 10, 1948, Pennsylvania taken from the lagoon and sunk at sea.

Can we trust othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Can we trust othello - Essay Example The end of such works has always resulted in the death of the protagonist. Aristotle had said that (Stanley C. Boorman, 1962): The above line is an excerpt from ‘Poetics’, a work of Aristotle that has been the basis for many of Shakespeare’s novels including ‘Othello’. There has been a stress on the part of the playwright to express a hero’s tragedy in all its forms. Additionally, it has also been emphasized that the protagonist must be characterized by a significant flaw that should ultimately lead to its downfall. In the case of the ‘Othello’, which has been named aptly after the protagonist himself the story ends with Othello killing his wife Desdemona on suspicions of adultery before turning the dagger onto himself (Oscar Zarate, 1983). The present story is an attempt to argue that the character depiction of Othello in the play is one that is not capable of being trusted on the basis of several arguments. The following paragraphs will highlight the subject further. Othello is one of the most widely discussed plays that has been researched over several decades by many eminent philosophers and critics. As such, the role of various characters and subjects dealt with in the essay have been discussed quite widely and are available for further discussion and refinement in the form of books, articles and journal publications that have been published over the years. Given the abundance of this information, the current study aims to highlight the intended argument by citing several critical examples and excerpts from a few literary sources that are deemed requisite for the argument. Along with these arguments, the essay will simultaneously argue the stand taken by basing on these citations. While studying literary works, the use of theory of post colonialism is often found which deals with works that originated from previously colonized places such as Britain or France. The theory discussed on

Research process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research process - Essay Example Stage 2: Collection of secondary data: - The next step that is to be followed in this context of the study is collection of secondary data. In this aspect relevant secondary data can be used. For example data from other travel agencies regarding their special tour packages can be collected to serve the purpose. The secondary research must be carried to know the facts such as the tourist destination that will be able to provide accommodation to people with disability. The secondary research can be also about facilities needed for a disabled person. Stage 3: Once the secondary data is collected, the next step is to collect the primary data. In this perspective among qualitative and quantitative form of research, qualitative research must be used. It is because the target group is small in numbers and hence the required respondents will be also less. The sample will be 5-10 disabled people. The data will be collected through observation method as it is the best possible way. Through observation method the patterns and problems of the disables will be identified and accordingly the characteristics can be

Gcse English Poetry: Auden compared with Calrke Essay example -- Engli

Gcse English Poetry: Auden compared with Calrke GCSE ENGLISH POETRY The two poems that I will be analysing are ‘Stop all the Clocks’ by W.H. Auden and ‘The Vet’ by Gillian Clarke. My discussion will be based on the theme of the poems and look at how the poets used form and language to help his readers understand and make meaning out of the poem. STOP ALL THE CLOCKS THEME The theme of this poem is about grief. The poet takes his readers through a simple but complex journey that explains the different stages of grief that a person feels when a loved one dies. The poem reveals the emotional upheaval that death can cause. The grief felt is carefully illustrated by the poet in the form and language he uses throughout the poem which has a strict rhyming scheme of AABB throughout the 4 stanzas. FORM AND LANGUAGE The form and language that was used by the poet to describe the feeling and mood of the bereaved was spread throughout. The first stanza simply showed the first stage of grief and that the bereaved is coming to terms with the death of a loved one. For example, he said ‘stop all the clocks’ which signified that he wanted to focus on what had just happened and does not want to forget his love as people do over a period of time. Again he said, ‘cut off the telephone’ meaning he wanted to be alone without communicating to anyone. This is because she wanted to concentrate and grieve on the death of his loved one without people offering their condolences. Then the last line of the stanza, he said, ‘bring out the coffin†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which suggests that he wanted to start making funeral plans. In the second stanza he wanted to let everyone know that his loved one has died and he mentioned in the fir... ...tcher by saying â€Å"no inter-uterine butchery† because he uses scalpel just as the butcher uses sharp blades to cut open animals when performing on them. The poet compares the Vet to a butcher in the verse because just as the butcher, the Vet uses a scalpel to cut open the cow and bring out the calf and the child basically cannot differentiate between a Vet and a Butcher The last verse is all about the birth of the calf. At this stage the Vet finally brings out the calf from its mother’s womb. The poet describes the cow as a ‘brimming mother’ in the last line of the stanza comparing the female cow to a human mother. This is because when the calf is born the mother cow shows the calf a lot of love and emotion just as the human mother when they give birth to a child. This makes this particular birth more to a human birth and the calf appear more to a child.

Succession Planning Case Study

1. What key differences seem to distinguish successful from unsuccessful leadership- succession processes?One major difference in the successful leadership succession process is the how the flow of information works between the current leader, and the one that will soon take over. The new one is groomed along with way, making for an easy transition with few bumps in the road regarding trust with current employees. Grooming an internal source is even better because they already know the ins and the outs of the company. Recent data indicate that only about half of public and private corporate boards have CEO-succession plans in place.This is the case even at giant global companies that have thousands of employees and spend millions each year to recruit and train talent (Cascio, 2013, p. 157). The companies that take the time to do succession planning are the same companies that are growing and thriving despite having any issues with CEOs through the years.On the other hand a company wh o â€Å"flies by the seat of their pants† so to speak, and does not plan for any crisis in the CEO department is found scrambling.3. If leadership succession is so important, why don’t more companies do a better job of it?The prerequisite for organizational growth and success lies in identifying, developing and retaining leaders with the right talents and effectively managing a dynamic succession plan (Gallup, 2013). Leadership transition presents companies with a remarkable opportunity to move forward with a new  understanding of the complexities, challenges, and changes their organization must address (Mamprin, A. 2002).Despite the importance of leadership succession, most companies do not do a better job of leadership succession because at the heart of succession lie personality, ego, power, and most importantly, mortality (Cascio, 2013). Most people in leadership position believe that building a cadre of potential leaders is a sure route to oblivion, failure and organizational death (Cascio, 2013). However, a lack of succession planning can adversely affect an organization in a variety of ways, from the absence of strategic direction to decreased productivity to weakened financial performance (CareerBuilder, 2011).â€Å"According to a new CareerBuilder survey, nearly one-third (31 percent) of companies with more than 1,000 employees said they don’t currently have a succession planning program at their organization. In addition, 50 percent of senior management (CEO, CFO, Senior VP, etc.) and 52 percent of those in a vice president position said they do not have a successor for their current role. The survey was conducted online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder from February 21 through March 10, 2011 among more than 1000 employers with 1,001 or more employees.† (CareerBuilder, 2011)

How to Write a Descriptive Observational Essay

Your first task in writing a descriptive essay is to choose a topic that has many interesting parts or qualities to talk about. Unless you have a really vivid imagination, youll find it difficult to write much about a simple object like a comb, for example. Its best to compare a few topics first to make sure theyll work. The next challenge is to figure out the best way to describe your chosen subject in such a way as to relay a complete experience to the reader, so that he or she is able to see, hear, and feel through your words. Organize Thoughts Before Drafting As in any writing, the drafting stage is key to writing a successful descriptive essay. Since the purpose of the essay is to paint a mental image of a specific subject, it helps to make a list of all the things you associate with your topic. For example, if your subject is the farm where you visited your grandparents as a child you would list all the things you associate with that place. Your list should include both general attributes associated with a farm and the more personal and specific things that make it special to you and the reader. Start with general details CornfieldsPigsCowsGardenFarmhouseWell Then add the unique details: That spot by the pig barn where you fell in the manure.Playing hide and seek in the cornfields.Picking wild greens for dinner with your grandmother.The stray dogs that always wandered onto the farm.Scary coyotes howling in the night. By tying these details together you can make the essay more relatable to the reader. Making these lists will allow you to see how you can tie things from each list together. Describing Descriptions   At this stage, you should determine a good order for the objects youll describe. For example, if you are describing an object, you should determine whether you want to describe its appearance from top to bottom or side to side. Remember that it is important to begin your essay on a general level and work your way down to specifics. Start by outlining a simple five-paragraph essay with three main topics. Then you may expand on this basic outline. Next, you will begin to construct a thesis statement and a trial topic sentence for each main paragraph. The thesis sentence should convey your overall impression of your subject. Does it make you happy? Is it attractive or ugly? Is your object useful?Each topic sentence should introduce a new part or stage of your chosen topic. Dont worry, you can change these sentences later. Its time to start writing paragraphs! Beginning to Draft As you build your paragraphs, you should avoid confusing the reader by bombarding them with unfamiliar information immediately; you must ease your way into your topic in your introductory paragraph. For example, instead of saying, The farm was where I spent most summers holidays. During the summer we played hide and seek in the cornfields and walked through the cow pastures to pick wild greens for supper. Nana always carried a gun for snakes. Instead, give the reader a broad view of your subject and work your way into the details. A better example would be: In a small rural town in central Ohio was a farm surrounded by miles of cornfields. In this place, on many warm summer days, my cousins and I would run through the cornfields playing hide and seek or making our own crop circles as clubhouses. My grandparents, whom I called Nana and Papa, lived on this farm for many years. The old farmhouse was large and always full of people, and it was surrounded by wild animals. I spent many of my childhood summers and holidays here. It was the family gathering place. Another simple rule of thumb to remember is show dont tell. If you want to describe a feeling or action you should reinvent it through the senses rather than just state it. For example, instead of: I got excited every time we pulled into the driveway of my grandparents house. Try to elaborate on what was really going on in your head: After sitting for several hours in the back seat of the car, I found the slow crawl up the driveway to be absolute torture. I just knew Nana was inside waiting with freshly baked pies and treats for me. Papa would have some toy or trinket hidden somewhere but he would pretend not to recognize me for a few minutes just to tease me before he gave it to me. As my parents would struggle to pry the suitcases out of the trunk, I would bounce all the way up the porch and rattle the door until someone finally let me in. The second version paints a picture and puts the reader in the scene. Anyone can be excited. What your reader needs and wants to know is, what makes it exciting? Keep It Specific Finally, dont try to cram too much into one paragraph. Use each paragraph to describe a different aspect of your subject. Check to make sure that your essay flows from one paragraph to the next with good transition statements. The conclusion of your paragraph is where you can tie everything together and restate the thesis of your essay. Take all the details and summarize what they mean to you and why it is important.